exit.c

	if (current->signal->flags & SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT)
		exit_code = current->signal->group_exit_code;
	else if (!thread_group_empty(current)) {
		struct signal_struct *const sig = current->signal;
		struct sighand_struct *const sighand = current->sighand;
		spin_lock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
		if (sig->flags & SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT)
			/* Another thread got here before we took the lock.  */
			exit_code = sig->group_exit_code;
		else {
			sig->group_exit_code = exit_code;
			zap_other_threads(current);
		}
		spin_unlock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
	}

	do_exit(exit_code);
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * this kills every thread in the thread group. Note that any externally
 * wait4()-ing process will get the correct exit code - even if this
 * thread is not the thread group leader.
 */
asmlinkage void sys_exit_group(int error_code)
{
	do_group_exit((error_code & 0xff) << 8);
}

static int eligible_child(pid_t pid, int options, struct task_struct *p)
{
	if (pid > 0) {
		if (p->pid != pid)
			return 0;
	} else if (!pid) {
		if (process_group(p) != process_group(current))
			return 0;
	} else if (pid != -1) {
		if (process_group(p) != -pid)
			return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Do not consider detached threads that are
	 * not ptraced:
	 */
	if (p->exit_signal == -1 && !p->ptrace)
		return 0;

	/* Wait for all children (clone and not) if __WALL is set;
	 * otherwise, wait for clone children *only* if __WCLONE is
	 * set; otherwise, wait for non-clone children *only*.  (Note:
	 * A "clone" child here is one that reports to its parent
	 * using a signal other than SIGCHLD.) */
	if (((p->exit_signal != SIGCHLD) ^ ((options & __WCLONE) != 0))
	    && !(options & __WALL))
		return 0;
	/*
	 * Do not consider thread group leaders that are
	 * in a non-empty thread group:
	 */
	if (delay_group_leader(p))
		return 2;

	if (security_task_wait(p))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

static int wait_noreap_copyout(struct task_struct *p, pid_t pid, uid_t uid,
			       int why, int status,
			       struct siginfo __user *infop,
			       struct rusage __user *rusagep)
{
	int retval = rusagep ? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, rusagep) : 0;

	put_task_struct(p);
	if (!retval)
		retval = put_user(SIGCHLD, &infop->si_signo);
	if (!retval)
		retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
	if (!retval)
		retval = put_user((short)why, &infop->si_code);
	if (!retval)
		retval = put_user(pid, &infop->si_pid);
	if (!retval)
		retval = put_user(uid, &infop->si_uid);
	if (!retval)
		retval = put_user(status, &infop->si_status);
	if (!retval)
		retval = pid;
	return retval;
}

/*
 * Handle sys_wait4 work for one task in state EXIT_ZOMBIE.  We hold
 * read_lock(&tasklist_lock) on entry.  If we return zero, we still hold
 * the lock and this task is uninteresting.  If we return nonzero, we have
 * released the lock and the system call should return.
 */
static int wait_task_zombie(struct task_struct *p, int noreap,
			    struct siginfo __user *infop,
			    int __user *stat_addr, struct rusage __user *ru)
{
	unsigned long state;
	int retval;
	int status;

	if (unlikely(noreap)) {
		pid_t pid = p->pid;
		uid_t uid = p->uid;
		int exit_code = p->exit_code;
		int why, status;

		if (unlikely(p->exit_state != EXIT_ZOMBIE))
			return 0;
		if (unlikely(p->exit_signal == -1 && p->ptrace == 0))
			return 0;
		get_task_struct(p);
		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
		if ((exit_code & 0x7f) == 0) {
			why = CLD_EXITED;
			status = exit_code >> 8;
		} else {
			why = (exit_code & 0x80) ? CLD_DUMPED : CLD_KILLED;
			status = exit_code & 0x7f;
		}
		return wait_noreap_copyout(p, pid, uid, why,
					   status, infop, ru);
	}

	/*
	 * Try to move the task's state to DEAD
	 * only one thread is allowed to do this:
	 */
	state = xchg(&p->exit_state, EXIT_DEAD);
	if (state != EXIT_ZOMBIE) {
		BUG_ON(state != EXIT_DEAD);
		return 0;
	}
	if (unlikely(p->exit_signal == -1 && p->ptrace == 0)) {
		/*
		 * This can only happen in a race with a ptraced thread
		 * dying on another processor.
		 */
		return 0;
	}

	if (likely(p->real_parent == p->parent) && likely(p->signal)) {
		struct signal_struct *psig;
		struct signal_struct *sig;

		/*
		 * The resource counters for the group leader are in its
		 * own task_struct.  Those for dead threads in the group
		 * are in its signal_struct, as are those for the child
		 * processes it has previously reaped.  All these
		 * accumulate in the parent's signal_struct c* fields.
		 *
		 * We don't bother to take a lock here to protect these
		 * p->signal fields, because they are only touched by
		 * __exit_signal, which runs with tasklist_lock
		 * write-locked anyway, and so is excluded here.  We do
		 * need to protect the access to p->parent->signal fields,
		 * as other threads in the parent group can be right
		 * here reaping other children at the same time.
		 */
		spin_lock_irq(&p->parent->sighand->siglock);
		psig = p->parent->signal;
		sig = p->signal;
		psig->cutime =
			cputime_add(psig->cutime,
			cputime_add(p->utime,
			cputime_add(sig->utime,
				    sig->cutime)));
		psig->cstime =
			cputime_add(psig->cstime,
			cputime_add(p->stime,
			cputime_add(sig->stime,
				    sig->cstime)));
		psig->cmin_flt +=
			p->min_flt + sig->min_flt + sig->cmin_flt;
		psig->cmaj_flt +=
			p->maj_flt + sig->maj_flt + sig->cmaj_flt;
		psig->cnvcsw +=
			p->nvcsw + sig->nvcsw + sig->cnvcsw;
		psig->cnivcsw +=
			p->nivcsw + sig->nivcsw + sig->cnivcsw;
		spin_unlock_irq(&p->parent->sighand->siglock);
	}

	/*
	 * Now we are sure this task is interesting, and no other
	 * thread can reap it because we set its state to EXIT_DEAD.
	 */
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	retval = ru ? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, ru) : 0;
	status = (p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT)
		? p->signal->group_exit_code : p->exit_code;
	if (!retval && stat_addr)
		retval = put_user(status, stat_addr);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(SIGCHLD, &infop->si_signo);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
	if (!retval && infop) {
		int why;

		if ((status & 0x7f) == 0) {
			why = CLD_EXITED;
			status >>= 8;
		} else {
			why = (status & 0x80) ? CLD_DUMPED : CLD_KILLED;
			status &= 0x7f;
		}
		retval = put_user((short)why, &infop->si_code);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(status, &infop->si_status);
	}
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(p->pid, &infop->si_pid);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(p->uid, &infop->si_uid);
	if (retval) {
		// TODO: is this safe?
		p->exit_state = EXIT_ZOMBIE;
		return retval;
	}
	retval = p->pid;
	if (p->real_parent != p->parent) {
		write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
		/* Double-check with lock held.  */
		if (p->real_parent != p->parent) {
			__ptrace_unlink(p);
			// TODO: is this safe?
			p->exit_state = EXIT_ZOMBIE;
			/*
			 * If this is not a detached task, notify the parent.
			 * If it's still not detached after that, don't release
			 * it now.
			 */
			if (p->exit_signal != -1) {
				do_notify_parent(p, p->exit_signal);
				if (p->exit_signal != -1)
					p = NULL;
			}
		}
		write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	}
	if (p != NULL)
		release_task(p);
	BUG_ON(!retval);
	return retval;
}

/*
 * Handle sys_wait4 work for one task in state TASK_STOPPED.  We hold
 * read_lock(&tasklist_lock) on entry.  If we return zero, we still hold
 * the lock and this task is uninteresting.  If we return nonzero, we have
 * released the lock and the system call should return.
 */
static int wait_task_stopped(struct task_struct *p, int delayed_group_leader,
			     int noreap, struct siginfo __user *infop,
			     int __user *stat_addr, struct rusage __user *ru)
{
	int retval, exit_code;

	if (!p->exit_code)
		return 0;
	if (delayed_group_leader && !(p->ptrace & PT_PTRACED) &&
	    p->signal && p->signal->group_stop_count > 0)
		/*
		 * A group stop is in progress and this is the group leader.
		 * We won't report until all threads have stopped.
		 */
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Now we are pretty sure this task is interesting.
	 * Make sure it doesn't get reaped out from under us while we
	 * give up the lock and then examine it below.  We don't want to
	 * keep holding onto the tasklist_lock while we call getrusage and
	 * possibly take page faults for user memory.
	 */
	get_task_struct(p);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	if (unlikely(noreap)) {
		pid_t pid = p->pid;
		uid_t uid = p->uid;
		int why = (p->ptrace & PT_PTRACED) ? CLD_TRAPPED : CLD_STOPPED;

		exit_code = p->exit_code;
		if (unlikely(!exit_code) ||
		    unlikely(p->state & TASK_TRACED))
			goto bail_ref;
		return wait_noreap_copyout(p, pid, uid,
					   why, (exit_code << 8) | 0x7f,
					   infop, ru);
	}

	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

	/*
	 * This uses xchg to be atomic with the thread resuming and setting
	 * it.  It must also be done with the write lock held to prevent a
	 * race with the EXIT_ZOMBIE case.
	 */
	exit_code = xchg(&p->exit_code, 0);
	if (unlikely(p->exit_state)) {
		/*
		 * The task resumed and then died.  Let the next iteration
		 * catch it in EXIT_ZOMBIE.  Note that exit_code might
		 * already be zero here if it resumed and did _exit(0).
		 * The task itself is dead and won't touch exit_code again;
		 * other processors in this function are locked out.
		 */
		p->exit_code = exit_code;
		exit_code = 0;
	}
	if (unlikely(exit_code == 0)) {
		/*
		 * Another thread in this function got to it first, or it
		 * resumed, or it resumed and then died.
		 */
		write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
bail_ref:
		put_task_struct(p);
		/*
		 * We are returning to the wait loop without having successfully
		 * removed the process and having released the lock. We cannot
		 * continue, since the "p" task pointer is potentially stale.
		 *
		 * Return -EAGAIN, and do_wait() will restart the loop from the
		 * beginning. Do _not_ re-acquire the lock.
		 */
		return -EAGAIN;
	}

	/* move to end of parent's list to avoid starvation */
	remove_parent(p);
	add_parent(p);

	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

	retval = ru ? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, ru) : 0;
	if (!retval && stat_addr)
		retval = put_user((exit_code << 8) | 0x7f, stat_addr);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(SIGCHLD, &infop->si_signo);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user((short)((p->ptrace & PT_PTRACED)
					  ? CLD_TRAPPED : CLD_STOPPED),
				  &infop->si_code);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(exit_code, &infop->si_status);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(p->pid, &infop->si_pid);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(p->uid, &infop->si_uid);
	if (!retval)
		retval = p->pid;
	put_task_struct(p);

	BUG_ON(!retval);
	return retval;
}

/*
 * Handle do_wait work for one task in a live, non-stopped state.
 * read_lock(&tasklist_lock) on entry.  If we return zero, we still hold
 * the lock and this task is uninteresting.  If we return nonzero, we have
 * released the lock and the system call should return.
 */
static int wait_task_continued(struct task_struct *p, int noreap,
			       struct siginfo __user *infop,
			       int __user *stat_addr, struct rusage __user *ru)
{
	int retval;
	pid_t pid;
	uid_t uid;

	if (unlikely(!p->signal))
		return 0;

	if (!(p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED))
		return 0;

	spin_lock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
	/* Re-check with the lock held.  */
	if (!(p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED)) {
		spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
		return 0;
	}
	if (!noreap)
		p->signal->flags &= ~SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED;
	spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);

	pid = p->pid;
	uid = p->uid;
	get_task_struct(p);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	if (!infop) {
		retval = ru ? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, ru) : 0;
		put_task_struct(p);
		if (!retval && stat_addr)
			retval = put_user(0xffff, stat_addr);
		if (!retval)
			retval = p->pid;
	} else {
		retval = wait_noreap_copyout(p, pid, uid,
					     CLD_CONTINUED, SIGCONT,
					     infop, ru);
		BUG_ON(retval == 0);
	}

	return retval;
}


static inline int my_ptrace_child(struct task_struct *p)
{
	if (!(p->ptrace & PT_PTRACED))
		return 0;
	if (!(p->ptrace & PT_ATTACHED))
		return 1;
	/*
	 * This child was PTRACE_ATTACH'd.  We should be seeing it only if
	 * we are the attacher.  If we are the real parent, this is a race
	 * inside ptrace_attach.  It is waiting for the tasklist_lock,
	 * which we have to switch the parent links, but has already set
	 * the flags in p->ptrace.
	 */
	return (p->parent != p->real_parent);
}

static long do_wait(pid_t pid, int options, struct siginfo __user *infop,
		    int __user *stat_addr, struct rusage __user *ru)
{
	DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	int flag, retval;

	add_wait_queue(&current->signal->wait_chldexit,&wait);
repeat:
	/*
	 * We will set this flag if we see any child that might later
	 * match our criteria, even if we are not able to reap it yet.
	 */
	flag = 0;
	current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	tsk = current;
	do {
		struct task_struct *p;
		struct list_head *_p;
		int ret;

		list_for_each(_p,&tsk->children) {
			p = list_entry(_p, struct task_struct, sibling);

			ret = eligible_child(pid, options, p);
			if (!ret)
				continue;

			switch (p->state) {
			case TASK_TRACED:
				/*
				 * When we hit the race with PTRACE_ATTACH,
				 * we will not report this child.  But the
				 * race means it has not yet been moved to
				 * our ptrace_children list, so we need to
				 * set the flag here to avoid a spurious ECHILD
				 * when the race happens with the only child.
				 */
				flag = 1;
				if (!my_ptrace_child(p))
					continue;
				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
			case TASK_STOPPED:
				/*
				 * It's stopped now, so it might later
				 * continue, exit, or stop again.
				 */
				flag = 1;
				if (!(options & WUNTRACED) &&
				    !my_ptrace_child(p))
					continue;
				retval = wait_task_stopped(p, ret == 2,
							   (options & WNOWAIT),
							   infop,
							   stat_addr, ru);
				if (retval == -EAGAIN)
					goto repeat;
				if (retval != 0) /* He released the lock.  */
					goto end;
				break;
			default:
			// case EXIT_DEAD:
				if (p->exit_state == EXIT_DEAD)
					continue;
			// case EXIT_ZOMBIE:
				if (p->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE) {
					/*
					 * Eligible but we cannot release
					 * it yet:
					 */
					if (ret == 2)
						goto check_continued;
					if (!likely(options & WEXITED))
						continue;
					retval = wait_task_zombie(
						p, (options & WNOWAIT),
						infop, stat_addr, ru);
					/* He released the lock.  */
					if (retval != 0)
						goto end;
					break;
				}
check_continued:
				/*
				 * It's running now, so it might later
				 * exit, stop, or stop and then continue.
				 */
				flag = 1;
				if (!unlikely(options & WCONTINUED))
					continue;
				retval = wait_task_continued(
					p, (options & WNOWAIT),
					infop, stat_addr, ru);
				if (retval != 0) /* He released the lock.  */
					goto end;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (!flag) {
			list_for_each(_p, &tsk->ptrace_children) {
				p = list_entry(_p, struct task_struct,
						ptrace_list);
				if (!eligible_child(pid, options, p))
					continue;
				flag = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (options & __WNOTHREAD)
			break;
		tsk = next_thread(tsk);
		BUG_ON(tsk->signal != current->signal);
	} while (tsk != current);

	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	if (flag) {
		retval = 0;
		if (options & WNOHANG)
			goto end;
		retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
		if (signal_pending(current))
			goto end;
		schedule();
		goto repeat;
	}
	retval = -ECHILD;
end:
	current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
	remove_wait_queue(&current->signal->wait_chldexit,&wait);
	if (infop) {
		if (retval > 0)
		retval = 0;
		else {
			/*
			 * For a WNOHANG return, clear out all the fields
			 * we would set so the user can easily tell the
			 * difference.
			 */
			if (!retval)
				retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_signo);
			if (!retval)
				retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
			if (!retval)
				retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_code);
			if (!retval)
				retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_pid);
			if (!retval)
				retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_uid);
			if (!retval)
				retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_status);
		}
	}
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_waitid(int which, pid_t pid,
			   struct siginfo __user *infop, int options,
			   struct rusage __user *ru)
{
	long ret;

	if (options & ~(WNOHANG|WNOWAIT|WEXITED|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (!(options & (WEXITED|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED)))
		return -EINVAL;

	switch (which) {
	case P_ALL:
		pid = -1;
		break;
	case P_PID:
		if (pid <= 0)
			return -EINVAL;
		break;
	case P_PGID:
		if (pid <= 0)
			return -EINVAL;
		pid = -pid;
		break;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	ret = do_wait(pid, options, infop, NULL, ru);

	/* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
	prevent_tail_call(ret);
	return ret;
}

asmlinkage long sys_wait4(pid_t pid, int __user *stat_addr,
			  int options, struct rusage __user *ru)
{
	long ret;

	if (options & ~(WNOHANG|WUNTRACED|WCONTINUED|
			__WNOTHREAD|__WCLONE|__WALL))
		return -EINVAL;
	ret = do_wait(pid, options | WEXITED, NULL, stat_addr, ru);

	/* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
	prevent_tail_call(ret);
	return ret;
}

#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_WAITPID

/*
 * sys_waitpid() remains for compatibility. waitpid() should be
 * implemented by calling sys_wait4() from libc.a.
 */
asmlinkage long sys_waitpid(pid_t pid, int __user *stat_addr, int options)
{
	return sys_wait4(pid, stat_addr, options, NULL);
}

#endif