tcp_output.c

/*
 * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
 *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
 *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
 *
 *		Implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP).
 *
 * Version:	$Id: tcp_output.c,v 1.146 2002/02/01 22:01:04 davem Exp $
 *
 * Authors:	Ross Biro, <bir7@leland.Stanford.Edu>
 *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
 *		Mark Evans, <evansmp@uhura.aston.ac.uk>
 *		Corey Minyard <wf-rch!minyard@relay.EU.net>
 *		Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de>
 *		Charles Hedrick, <hedrick@klinzhai.rutgers.edu>
 *		Linus Torvalds, <torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
 *		Alan Cox, <gw4pts@gw4pts.ampr.org>
 *		Matthew Dillon, <dillon@apollo.west.oic.com>
 *		Arnt Gulbrandsen, <agulbra@nvg.unit.no>
 *		Jorge Cwik, <jorge@laser.satlink.net>
 */

/*
 * Changes:	Pedro Roque	:	Retransmit queue handled by TCP.
 *				:	Fragmentation on mtu decrease
 *				:	Segment collapse on retransmit
 *				:	AF independence
 *
 *		Linus Torvalds	:	send_delayed_ack
 *		David S. Miller	:	Charge memory using the right skb
 *					during syn/ack processing.
 *		David S. Miller :	Output engine completely rewritten.
 *		Andrea Arcangeli:	SYNACK carry ts_recent in tsecr.
 *		Cacophonix Gaul :	draft-minshall-nagle-01
 *		J Hadi Salim	:	ECN support
 *
 */

#include <net/tcp.h>

#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>

/* People can turn this off for buggy TCP's found in printers etc. */
int sysctl_tcp_retrans_collapse = 1;

/* This limits the percentage of the congestion window which we
 * will allow a single TSO frame to consume.  Building TSO frames
 * which are too large can cause TCP streams to be bursty.
 */
int sysctl_tcp_tso_win_divisor = 8;

static inline void update_send_head(struct sock *sk, struct tcp_sock *tp,
				    struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	sk->sk_send_head = skb->next;
	if (sk->sk_send_head == (struct sk_buff *)&sk->sk_write_queue)
		sk->sk_send_head = NULL;
	tp->snd_nxt = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
	tcp_packets_out_inc(sk, tp, skb);
}

/* SND.NXT, if window was not shrunk.
 * If window has been shrunk, what should we make? It is not clear at all.
 * Using SND.UNA we will fail to open window, SND.NXT is out of window. :-(
 * Anything in between SND.UNA...SND.UNA+SND.WND also can be already
 * invalid. OK, let's make this for now:
 */
static inline __u32 tcp_acceptable_seq(struct sock *sk, struct tcp_sock *tp)
{
	if (!before(tp->snd_una+tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_nxt))
		return tp->snd_nxt;
	else
		return tp->snd_una+tp->snd_wnd;
}

/* Calculate mss to advertise in SYN segment.
 * RFC1122, RFC1063, draft-ietf-tcpimpl-pmtud-01 state that:
 *
 * 1. It is independent of path mtu.
 * 2. Ideally, it is maximal possible segment size i.e. 65535-40.
 * 3. For IPv4 it is reasonable to calculate it from maximal MTU of
 *    attached devices, because some buggy hosts are confused by
 *    large MSS.
 * 4. We do not make 3, we advertise MSS, calculated from first
 *    hop device mtu, but allow to raise it to ip_rt_min_advmss.
 *    This may be overridden via information stored in routing table.
 * 5. Value 65535 for MSS is valid in IPv6 and means "as large as possible,
 *    probably even Jumbo".
 */
static __u16 tcp_advertise_mss(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);
	int mss = tp->advmss;

	if (dst && dst_metric(dst, RTAX_ADVMSS) < mss) {
		mss = dst_metric(dst, RTAX_ADVMSS);
		tp->advmss = mss;
	}

	return (__u16)mss;
}

/* RFC2861. Reset CWND after idle period longer RTO to "restart window".
 * This is the first part of cwnd validation mechanism. */
static void tcp_cwnd_restart(struct tcp_sock *tp, struct dst_entry *dst)
{
	s32 delta = tcp_time_stamp - tp->lsndtime;
	u32 restart_cwnd = tcp_init_cwnd(tp, dst);
	u32 cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;

	if (tcp_is_vegas(tp)) 
		tcp_vegas_enable(tp);

	tp->snd_ssthresh = tcp_current_ssthresh(tp);
	restart_cwnd = min(restart_cwnd, cwnd);

	while ((delta -= tp->rto) > 0 && cwnd > restart_cwnd)
		cwnd >>= 1;
	tp->snd_cwnd = max(cwnd, restart_cwnd);
	tp->snd_cwnd_stamp = tcp_time_stamp;
	tp->snd_cwnd_used = 0;
}

static inline void tcp_event_data_sent(struct tcp_sock *tp,
				       struct sk_buff *skb, struct sock *sk)
{
	u32 now = tcp_time_stamp;

	if (!tp->packets_out && (s32)(now - tp->lsndtime) > tp->rto)
		tcp_cwnd_restart(tp, __sk_dst_get(sk));

	tp->lsndtime = now;

	/* If it is a reply for ato after last received
	 * packet, enter pingpong mode.
	 */
	if ((u32)(now - tp->ack.lrcvtime) < tp->ack.ato)
		tp->ack.pingpong = 1;
}

static __inline__ void tcp_event_ack_sent(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

	tcp_dec_quickack_mode(tp);
	tcp_clear_xmit_timer(sk, TCP_TIME_DACK);
}

/* Determine a window scaling and initial window to offer.
 * Based on the assumption that the given amount of space
 * will be offered. Store the results in the tp structure.
 * NOTE: for smooth operation initial space offering should
 * be a multiple of mss if possible. We assume here that mss >= 1.
 * This MUST be enforced by all callers.
 */
void tcp_select_initial_window(int __space, __u32 mss,
			       __u32 *rcv_wnd, __u32 *window_clamp,
			       int wscale_ok, __u8 *rcv_wscale)
{
	unsigned int space = (__space < 0 ? 0 : __space);

	/* If no clamp set the clamp to the max possible scaled window */
	if (*window_clamp == 0)
		(*window_clamp) = (65535 << 14);
	space = min(*window_clamp, space);

	/* Quantize space offering to a multiple of mss if possible. */
	if (space > mss)
		space = (space / mss) * mss;

	/* NOTE: offering an initial window larger than 32767
	 * will break some buggy TCP stacks. We try to be nice.
	 * If we are not window scaling, then this truncates
	 * our initial window offering to 32k. There should also
	 * be a sysctl option to stop being nice.
	 */
	(*rcv_wnd) = min(space, MAX_TCP_WINDOW);
	(*rcv_wscale) = 0;
	if (wscale_ok) {
		/* Set window scaling on max possible window
		 * See RFC1323 for an explanation of the limit to 14 
		 */
		space = max_t(u32, sysctl_tcp_rmem[2], sysctl_rmem_max);
		while (space > 65535 && (*rcv_wscale) < 14) {
			space >>= 1;
			(*rcv_wscale)++;
		}
	}

	/* Set initial window to value enough for senders,
	 * following RFC1414. Senders, not following this RFC,
	 * will be satisfied with 2.
	 */
	if (mss > (1<<*rcv_wscale)) {
		int init_cwnd = 4;
		if (mss > 1460*3)
			init_cwnd = 2;
		else if (mss > 1460)
			init_cwnd = 3;
		if (*rcv_wnd > init_cwnd*mss)
			*rcv_wnd = init_cwnd*mss;
	}

	/* Set the clamp no higher than max representable value */
	(*window_clamp) = min(65535U << (*rcv_wscale), *window_clamp);
}

/* Chose a new window to advertise, update state in tcp_sock for the
 * socket, and return result with RFC1323 scaling applied.  The return
 * value can be stuffed directly into th->window for an outgoing
 * frame.
 */
static __inline__ u16 tcp_select_window(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	u32 cur_win = tcp_receive_window(tp);
	u32 new_win = __tcp_select_window(sk);

	/* Never shrink the offered window */
	if(new_win < cur_win) {
		/* Danger Will Robinson!
		 * Don't update rcv_wup/rcv_wnd here or else
		 * we will not be able to advertise a zero
		 * window in time.  --DaveM
		 *
		 * Relax Will Robinson.
		 */
		new_win = cur_win;
	}
	tp->rcv_wnd = new_win;
	tp->rcv_wup = tp->rcv_nxt;

	/* Make sure we do not exceed the maximum possible
	 * scaled window.
	 */
	if (!tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale)
		new_win = min(new_win, MAX_TCP_WINDOW);
	else
		new_win = min(new_win, (65535U << tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale));

	/* RFC1323 scaling applied */
	new_win >>= tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale;

	/* If we advertise zero window, disable fast path. */
	if (new_win == 0)
		tp->pred_flags = 0;

	return new_win;
}


/* This routine actually transmits TCP packets queued in by
 * tcp_do_sendmsg().  This is used by both the initial
 * transmission and possible later retransmissions.
 * All SKB's seen here are completely headerless.  It is our
 * job to build the TCP header, and pass the packet down to
 * IP so it can do the same plus pass the packet off to the
 * device.
 *
 * We are working here with either a clone of the original
 * SKB, or a fresh unique copy made by the retransmit engine.
 */
static int tcp_transmit_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	if (skb != NULL) {
		struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
		struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
		struct tcp_skb_cb *tcb = TCP_SKB_CB(skb);
		int tcp_header_size = tp->tcp_header_len;
		struct tcphdr *th;
		int sysctl_flags;
		int err;

		BUG_ON(!tcp_skb_pcount(skb));

#define SYSCTL_FLAG_TSTAMPS	0x1
#define SYSCTL_FLAG_WSCALE	0x2
#define SYSCTL_FLAG_SACK	0x4

		sysctl_flags = 0;
		if (tcb->flags & TCPCB_FLAG_SYN) {
			tcp_header_size = sizeof(struct tcphdr) + TCPOLEN_MSS;
			if(sysctl_tcp_timestamps) {
				tcp_header_size += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;
				sysctl_flags |= SYSCTL_FLAG_TSTAMPS;
			}
			if(sysctl_tcp_window_scaling) {
				tcp_header_size += TCPOLEN_WSCALE_ALIGNED;
				sysctl_flags |= SYSCTL_FLAG_WSCALE;
			}
			if(sysctl_tcp_sack) {
				sysctl_flags |= SYSCTL_FLAG_SACK;
				if(!(sysctl_flags & SYSCTL_FLAG_TSTAMPS))
					tcp_header_size += TCPOLEN_SACKPERM_ALIGNED;
			}
		} else if (tp->rx_opt.eff_sacks) {
			/* A SACK is 2 pad bytes, a 2 byte header, plus
			 * 2 32-bit sequence numbers for each SACK block.
			 */
			tcp_header_size += (TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE_ALIGNED +
					    (tp->rx_opt.eff_sacks * TCPOLEN_SACK_PERBLOCK));
		}
		
		/*
		 * If the connection is idle and we are restarting,
		 * then we don't want to do any Vegas calculations
		 * until we get fresh RTT samples.  So when we
		 * restart, we reset our Vegas state to a clean
		 * slate. After we get acks for this flight of
		 * packets, _then_ we can make Vegas calculations
		 * again.
		 */
		if (tcp_is_vegas(tp) && tcp_packets_in_flight(tp) == 0)
			tcp_vegas_enable(tp);

		th = (struct tcphdr *) skb_push(skb, tcp_header_size);
		skb->h.th = th;
		skb_set_owner_w(skb, sk);

		/* Build TCP header and checksum it. */
		th->source		= inet->sport;
		th->dest		= inet->dport;
		th->seq			= htonl(tcb->seq);
		th->ack_seq		= htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
		*(((__u16 *)th) + 6)	= htons(((tcp_header_size >> 2) << 12) | tcb->flags);
		if (tcb->flags & TCPCB_FLAG_SYN) {
			/* RFC1323: The window in SYN & SYN/ACK segments
			 * is never scaled.
			 */
			th->window	= htons(tp->rcv_wnd);
		} else {
			th->window	= htons(tcp_select_window(sk));
		}
		th->check		= 0;
		th->urg_ptr		= 0;

		if (tp->urg_mode &&
		    between(tp->snd_up, tcb->seq+1, tcb->seq+0xFFFF)) {
			th->urg_ptr		= htons(tp->snd_up-tcb->seq);
			th->urg			= 1;
		}

		if (tcb->flags & TCPCB_FLAG_SYN) {
			tcp_syn_build_options((__u32 *)(th + 1),
					      tcp_advertise_mss(sk),
					      (sysctl_flags & SYSCTL_FLAG_TSTAMPS),
					      (sysctl_flags & SYSCTL_FLAG_SACK),
					      (sysctl_flags & SYSCTL_FLAG_WSCALE),
					      tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale,
					      tcb->when,
		      			      tp->rx_opt.ts_recent);
		} else {
			tcp_build_and_update_options((__u32 *)(th + 1),
						     tp, tcb->when);

			TCP_ECN_send(sk, tp, skb, tcp_header_size);
		}
		tp->af_specific->send_check(sk, th, skb->len, skb);

		if (tcb->flags & TCPCB_FLAG_ACK)
			tcp_event_ack_sent(sk);

		if (skb->len != tcp_header_size)
			tcp_event_data_sent(tp, skb, sk);

		TCP_INC_STATS(TCP_MIB_OUTSEGS);

		err = tp->af_specific->queue_xmit(skb, 0);
		if (err <= 0)
			return err;

		tcp_enter_cwr(tp);

		/* NET_XMIT_CN is special. It does not guarantee,
		 * that this packet is lost. It tells that device
		 * is about to start to drop packets or already
		 * drops some packets of the same priority and
		 * invokes us to send less aggressively.
		 */
		return err == NET_XMIT_CN ? 0 : err;
	}
	return -ENOBUFS;
#undef SYSCTL_FLAG_TSTAMPS
#undef SYSCTL_FLAG_WSCALE
#undef SYSCTL_FLAG_SACK
}


/* This routine just queue's the buffer 
 *
 * NOTE: probe0 timer is not checked, do not forget tcp_push_pending_frames,
 * otherwise socket can stall.
 */
static void tcp_queue_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

	/* Advance write_seq and place onto the write_queue. */
	tp->write_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
	skb_header_release(skb);
	__skb_queue_tail(&sk->sk_write_queue, skb);
	sk_charge_skb(sk, skb);

	/* Queue it, remembering where we must start sending. */
	if (sk->sk_send_head == NULL)
		sk->sk_send_head = skb;
}

static inline void tcp_tso_set_push(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	/* Force push to be on for any TSO frames to workaround
	 * problems with busted implementations like Mac OS-X that
	 * hold off socket receive wakeups until push is seen.
	 */
	if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) > 1)
		TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->flags |= TCPCB_FLAG_PSH;
}

/* Send _single_ skb sitting at the send head. This function requires
 * true push pending frames to setup probe timer etc.
 */
void tcp_push_one(struct sock *sk, unsigned cur_mss)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct sk_buff *skb = sk->sk_send_head;

	if (tcp_snd_test(tp, skb, cur_mss, TCP_NAGLE_PUSH)) {
		/* Send it out now. */
		TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->when = tcp_time_stamp;
		tcp_tso_set_push(skb);
		if (!tcp_transmit_skb(sk, skb_clone(skb, sk->sk_allocation))) {
			sk->sk_send_head = NULL;
			tp->snd_nxt = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
			tcp_packets_out_inc(sk, tp, skb);
			return;
		}
	}
}

void tcp_set_skb_tso_segs(struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int mss_std)
{
	if (skb->len <= mss_std) {
		/* Avoid the costly divide in the normal
		 * non-TSO case.
		 */
		skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_segs = 1;
		skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_size = 0;
	} else {
		unsigned int factor;

		factor = skb->len + (mss_std - 1);
		factor /= mss_std;
		skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_segs = factor;
		skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_size = mss_std;
	}
}

/* Function to create two new TCP segments.  Shrinks the given segment
 * to the specified size and appends a new segment with the rest of the
 * packet to the list.  This won't be called frequently, I hope. 
 * Remember, these are still headerless SKBs at this point.
 */
static int tcp_fragment(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct sk_buff *buff;
	int nsize;
	u16 flags;

	nsize = skb_headlen(skb) - len;
	if (nsize < 0)
		nsize = 0;

	if (skb_cloned(skb) &&
	    skb_is_nonlinear(skb) &&
	    pskb_expand_head(skb, 0, 0, GFP_ATOMIC))
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* Get a new skb... force flag on. */
	buff = sk_stream_alloc_skb(sk, nsize, GFP_ATOMIC);
	if (buff == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM; /* We'll just try again later. */
	sk_charge_skb(sk, buff);

	/* Correct the sequence numbers. */
	TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq + len;
	TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq;
	TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->seq;

	/* PSH and FIN should only be set in the second packet. */
	flags = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->flags;
	TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->flags = flags & ~(TCPCB_FLAG_FIN|TCPCB_FLAG_PSH);
	TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->flags = flags;
	TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->sacked =
		(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &
		 (TCPCB_LOST | TCPCB_EVER_RETRANS | TCPCB_AT_TAIL));
	TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &= ~TCPCB_AT_TAIL;

	if (!skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags && skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_HW) {
		/* Copy and checksum data tail into the new buffer. */
		buff->csum = csum_partial_copy_nocheck(skb->data + len, skb_put(buff, nsize),
						       nsize, 0);

		skb_trim(skb, len);

		skb->csum = csum_block_sub(skb->csum, buff->csum, len);
	} else {
		skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_HW;
		skb_split(skb, buff, len);
	}

	buff->ip_summed = skb->ip_summed;

	/* Looks stupid, but our code really uses when of
	 * skbs, which it never sent before. --ANK
	 */
	TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->when = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->when;

	if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_LOST) {
		tp->lost_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
		tp->left_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
	}

	/* Fix up tso_factor for both original and new SKB.  */
	tcp_set_skb_tso_segs(skb, tp->mss_cache_std);
	tcp_set_skb_tso_segs(buff, tp->mss_cache_std);

	if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_LOST) {
		tp->lost_out += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
		tp->left_out += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
	}

	if (TCP_SKB_CB(buff)->sacked&TCPCB_LOST) {
		tp->lost_out += tcp_skb_pcount(buff);
		tp->left_out += tcp_skb_pcount(buff);
	}

	/* Link BUFF into the send queue. */
	__skb_append(skb, buff);

	return 0;
}

/* This is similar to __pskb_pull_head() (it will go to core/skbuff.c
 * eventually). The difference is that pulled data not copied, but
 * immediately discarded.
 */
static unsigned char *__pskb_trim_head(struct sk_buff *skb, int len)
{
	int i, k, eat;

	eat = len;
	k = 0;
	for (i=0; i<skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size <= eat) {
			put_page(skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page);
			eat -= skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
		} else {
			skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[k] = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];
			if (eat) {
				skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[k].page_offset += eat;
				skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[k].size -= eat;
				eat = 0;
			}
			k++;
		}
	}
	skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags = k;

	skb->tail = skb->data;
	skb->data_len -= len;
	skb->len = skb->data_len;
	return skb->tail;
}

int tcp_trim_head(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 len)
{
	if (skb_cloned(skb) &&
	    pskb_expand_head(skb, 0, 0, GFP_ATOMIC))
		return -ENOMEM;

	if (len <= skb_headlen(skb)) {
		__skb_pull(skb, len);
	} else {
		if (__pskb_trim_head(skb, len-skb_headlen(skb)) == NULL)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq += len;
	skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_HW;

	skb->truesize	     -= len;
	sk->sk_wmem_queued   -= len;
	sk->sk_forward_alloc += len;
	sock_set_flag(sk, SOCK_QUEUE_SHRUNK);

	/* Any change of skb->len requires recalculation of tso
	 * factor and mss.
	 */
	if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) > 1)
		tcp_set_skb_tso_segs(skb, tcp_skb_mss(skb));

	return 0;
}

/* This function synchronize snd mss to current pmtu/exthdr set.

   tp->rx_opt.user_mss is mss set by user by TCP_MAXSEG. It does NOT counts
   for TCP options, but includes only bare TCP header.

   tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp is mss negotiated at connection setup.
   It is minumum of user_mss and mss received with SYN.
   It also does not include TCP options.

   tp->pmtu_cookie is last pmtu, seen by this function.

   tp->mss_cache is current effective sending mss, including
   all tcp options except for SACKs. It is evaluated,
   taking into account current pmtu, but never exceeds
   tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp.

   NOTE1. rfc1122 clearly states that advertised MSS
   DOES NOT include either tcp or ip options.

   NOTE2. tp->pmtu_cookie and tp->mss_cache are READ ONLY outside
   this function.			--ANK (980731)
 */

unsigned int tcp_sync_mss(struct sock *sk, u32 pmtu)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	int mss_now;

	/* Calculate base mss without TCP options:
	   It is MMS_S - sizeof(tcphdr) of rfc1122
	 */
	mss_now = pmtu - tp->af_specific->net_header_len - sizeof(struct tcphdr);

	/* Clamp it (mss_clamp does not include tcp options) */
	if (mss_now > tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp)
		mss_now = tp->rx_opt.mss_clamp;

	/* Now subtract optional transport overhead */
	mss_now -= tp->ext_header_len;

	/* Then reserve room for full set of TCP options and 8 bytes of data */
	if (mss_now < 48)
		mss_now = 48;

	/* Now subtract TCP options size, not including SACKs */
	mss_now -= tp->tcp_header_len - sizeof(struct tcphdr);

	/* Bound mss with half of window */
	if (tp->max_window && mss_now > (tp->max_window>>1))
		mss_now = max((tp->max_window>>1), 68U - tp->tcp_header_len);

	/* And store cached results */
	tp->pmtu_cookie = pmtu;
	tp->mss_cache = tp->mss_cache_std = mss_now;

	return mss_now;
}

/* Compute the current effective MSS, taking SACKs and IP options,
 * and even PMTU discovery events into account.
 *
 * LARGESEND note: !urg_mode is overkill, only frames up to snd_up
 * cannot be large. However, taking into account rare use of URG, this
 * is not a big flaw.
 */

unsigned int tcp_current_mss(struct sock *sk, int large)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);
	unsigned int do_large, mss_now;

	mss_now = tp->mss_cache_std;
	if (dst) {
		u32 mtu = dst_mtu(dst);
		if (mtu != tp->pmtu_cookie)
			mss_now = tcp_sync_mss(sk, mtu);
	}

	do_large = (large &&
		    (sk->sk_route_caps & NETIF_F_TSO) &&
		    !tp->urg_mode);

	if (do_large) {
		unsigned int large_mss, factor, limit;

		large_mss = 65535 - tp->af_specific->net_header_len -
			tp->ext_header_len - tp->tcp_header_len;

		if (tp->max_window && large_mss > (tp->max_window>>1))
			large_mss = max((tp->max_window>>1),
					68U - tp->tcp_header_len);

		factor = large_mss / mss_now;

		/* Always keep large mss multiple of real mss, but
		 * do not exceed 1/tso_win_divisor of the congestion window
		 * so we can keep the ACK clock ticking and minimize
		 * bursting.
		 */
		limit = tp->snd_cwnd;
		if (sysctl_tcp_tso_win_divisor)
			limit /= sysctl_tcp_tso_win_divisor;
		limit = max(1U, limit);
		if (factor > limit)
			factor = limit;

		tp->mss_cache = mss_now * factor;

		mss_now = tp->mss_cache;
	}

	if (tp->rx_opt.eff_sacks)
		mss_now -= (TCPOLEN_SACK_BASE_ALIGNED +
			    (tp->rx_opt.eff_sacks * TCPOLEN_SACK_PERBLOCK));
	return mss_now;
}

/* This routine writes packets to the network.  It advances the
 * send_head.  This happens as incoming acks open up the remote
 * window for us.
 *
 * Returns 1, if no segments are in flight and we have queued segments, but
 * cannot send anything now because of SWS or another problem.
 */
int tcp_write_xmit(struct sock *sk, int nonagle)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	unsigned int mss_now;

	/* If we are closed, the bytes will have to remain here.
	 * In time closedown will finish, we empty the write queue and all
	 * will be happy.
	 */
	if (sk->sk_state != TCP_CLOSE) {
		struct sk_buff *skb;
		int sent_pkts = 0;

		/* Account for SACKS, we may need to fragment due to this.
		 * It is just like the real MSS changing on us midstream.
		 * We also handle things correctly when the user adds some
		 * IP options mid-stream.  Silly to do, but cover it.
		 */
		mss_now = tcp_current_mss(sk, 1);

		while ((skb = sk->sk_send_head) &&
		       tcp_snd_test(tp, skb, mss_now,
			       	    tcp_skb_is_last(sk, skb) ? nonagle :
				    			       TCP_NAGLE_PUSH)) {
			if (skb->len > mss_now) {
				if (tcp_fragment(sk, skb, mss_now))
					break;
			}

			TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->when = tcp_time_stamp;
			tcp_tso_set_push(skb);
			if (tcp_transmit_skb(sk, skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC)))
				break;

			/* Advance the send_head.  This one is sent out.
			 * This call will increment packets_out.
			 */
			update_send_head(sk, tp, skb);

			tcp_minshall_update(tp, mss_now, skb);
			sent_pkts = 1;
		}

		if (sent_pkts) {
			tcp_cwnd_validate(sk, tp);
			return 0;
		}

		return !tp->packets_out && sk->sk_send_head;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* This function returns the amount that we can raise the
 * usable window based on the following constraints
 *  
 * 1. The window can never be shrunk once it is offered (RFC 793)
 * 2. We limit memory per socket
 *
 * RFC 1122:
 * "the suggested [SWS] avoidance algorithm for the receiver is to keep
 *  RECV.NEXT + RCV.WIN fixed until:
 *  RCV.BUFF - RCV.USER - RCV.WINDOW >= min(1/2 RCV.BUFF, MSS)"
 *
 * i.e. don't raise the right edge of the window until you can raise
 * it at least MSS bytes.
 *
 * Unfortunately, the recommended algorithm breaks header prediction,
 * since header prediction assumes th->window stays fixed.
 *
 * Strictly speaking, keeping th->window fixed violates the receiver
 * side SWS prevention criteria. The problem is that under this rule
 * a stream of single byte packets will cause the right side of the
 * window to always advance by a single byte.
 * 
 * Of course, if the sender implements sender side SWS prevention
 * then this will not be a problem.
 * 
 * BSD seems to make the following compromise:
 * 
 *	If the free space is less than the 1/4 of the maximum
 *	space available and the free space is less than 1/2 mss,
 *	then set the window to 0.
 *	[ Actually, bsd uses MSS and 1/4 of maximal _window_ ]
 *	Otherwise, just prevent the window from shrinking
 *	and from being larger than the largest representable value.
 *
 * This prevents incremental opening of the window in the regime
 * where TCP is limited by the speed of the reader side taking
 * data out of the TCP receive queue. It does nothing about
 * those cases where the window is constrained on the sender side
 * because the pipeline is full.
 *
 * BSD also seems to "accidentally" limit itself to windows that are a
 * multiple of MSS, at least until the free space gets quite small.
 * This would appear to be a side effect of the mbuf implementation.
 * Combining these two algorithms results in the observed behavior
 * of having a fixed window size at almost all times.
 *
 * Below we obtain similar behavior by forcing the offered window to
 * a multiple of the mss when it is feasible to do so.
 *
 * Note, we don't "adjust" for TIMESTAMP or SACK option bytes.
 * Regular options like TIMESTAMP are taken into account.
 */
u32 __tcp_select_window(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	/* MSS for the peer's data.  Previous verions used mss_clamp
	 * here.  I don't know if the value based on our guesses
	 * of peer's MSS is better for the performance.  It's more correct
	 * but may be worse for the performance because of rcv_mss
	 * fluctuations.  --SAW  1998/11/1
	 */
	int mss = tp->ack.rcv_mss;
	int free_space = tcp_space(sk);
	int full_space = min_t(int, tp->window_clamp, tcp_full_space(sk));
	int window;

	if (mss > full_space)
		mss = full_space; 

	if (free_space < full_space/2) {
		tp->ack.quick = 0;

		if (tcp_memory_pressure)
			tp->rcv_ssthresh = min(tp->rcv_ssthresh, 4U*tp->advmss);

		if (free_space < mss)
			return 0;
	}

	if (free_space > tp->rcv_ssthresh)
		free_space = tp->rcv_ssthresh;

	/* Don't do rounding if we are using window scaling, since the
	 * scaled window will not line up with the MSS boundary anyway.
	 */
	window = tp->rcv_wnd;
	if (tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale) {
		window = free_space;

		/* Advertise enough space so that it won't get scaled away.
		 * Import case: prevent zero window announcement if
		 * 1<<rcv_wscale > mss.
		 */
		if (((window >> tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale) << tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale) != window)
			window = (((window >> tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale) + 1)
				  << tp->rx_opt.rcv_wscale);
	} else {
		/* Get the largest window that is a nice multiple of mss.
		 * Window clamp already applied above.
		 * If our current window offering is within 1 mss of the
		 * free space we just keep it. This prevents the divide
		 * and multiply from happening most of the time.
		 * We also don't do any window rounding when the free space
		 * is too small.
		 */
		if (window <= free_space - mss || window > free_space)
			window = (free_space/mss)*mss;
	}

	return window;
}

/* Attempt to collapse two adjacent SKB's during retransmission. */
static void tcp_retrans_try_collapse(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int mss_now)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct sk_buff *next_skb = skb->next;

	/* The first test we must make is that neither of these two
	 * SKB's are still referenced by someone else.
	 */
	if (!skb_cloned(skb) && !skb_cloned(next_skb)) {
		int skb_size = skb->len, next_skb_size = next_skb->len;
		u16 flags = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->flags;

		/* Also punt if next skb has been SACK'd. */
		if(TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)
			return;

		/* Next skb is out of window. */
		if (after(TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->end_seq, tp->snd_una+tp->snd_wnd))
			return;

		/* Punt if not enough space exists in the first SKB for
		 * the data in the second, or the total combined payload
		 * would exceed the MSS.
		 */
		if ((next_skb_size > skb_tailroom(skb)) ||
		    ((skb_size + next_skb_size) > mss_now))
			return;

		BUG_ON(tcp_skb_pcount(skb) != 1 ||
		       tcp_skb_pcount(next_skb) != 1);

		/* Ok.  We will be able to collapse the packet. */
		__skb_unlink(next_skb, next_skb->list);

		memcpy(skb_put(skb, next_skb_size), next_skb->data, next_skb_size);

		if (next_skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_HW)
			skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_HW;

		if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_HW)
			skb->csum = csum_block_add(skb->csum, next_skb->csum, skb_size);

		/* Update sequence range on original skb. */
		TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq = TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->end_seq;

		/* Merge over control information. */
		flags |= TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->flags; /* This moves PSH/FIN etc. over */
		TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->flags = flags;

		/* All done, get rid of second SKB and account for it so
		 * packet counting does not break.
		 */
		TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked |= TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->sacked&(TCPCB_EVER_RETRANS|TCPCB_AT_TAIL);
		if (TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->sacked&TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS)
			tp->retrans_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(next_skb);
		if (TCP_SKB_CB(next_skb)->sacked&TCPCB_LOST) {
			tp->lost_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(next_skb);
			tp->left_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(next_skb);
		}
		/* Reno case is special. Sigh... */
		if (!tp->rx_opt.sack_ok && tp->sacked_out) {
			tcp_dec_pcount_approx(&tp->sacked_out, next_skb);
			tp->left_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(next_skb);
		}

		/* Not quite right: it can be > snd.fack, but
		 * it is better to underestimate fackets.
		 */
		tcp_dec_pcount_approx(&tp->fackets_out, next_skb);
		tcp_packets_out_dec(tp, next_skb);
		sk_stream_free_skb(sk, next_skb);
	}
}

/* Do a simple retransmit without using the backoff mechanisms in
 * tcp_timer. This is used for path mtu discovery. 
 * The socket is already locked here.
 */ 
void tcp_simple_retransmit(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	unsigned int mss = tcp_current_mss(sk, 0);
	int lost = 0;

	sk_stream_for_retrans_queue(skb, sk) {
		if (skb->len > mss && 
		    !(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked&TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)) {
			if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked&TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS) {
				TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked &= ~TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS;
				tp->retrans_out -= tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
			}
			if (!(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked&TCPCB_LOST)) {
				TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked |= TCPCB_LOST;
				tp->lost_out += tcp_skb_pcount(skb);
				lost = 1;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!lost)