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  • #include <Python.h>
    #include <structmember.h>
    #include <inttypes.h>
    #include <poll.h>
    #include "evlist.h"
    #include "evsel.h"
    #include "event.h"
    #include "cpumap.h"
    #include "thread_map.h"
    
    
    /* Define PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT for python 2.5 */
    #ifndef PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT
    # define PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(type, size) PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) size,
    #endif
    
    
    struct throttle_event {
    	struct perf_event_header header;
    	u64			 time;
    	u64			 id;
    	u64			 stream_id;
    };
    
    
    PyMODINIT_FUNC initperf(void);
    
    
    #define member_def(type, member, ptype, help) \
    	{ #member, ptype, \
    	  offsetof(struct pyrf_event, event) + offsetof(struct type, member), \
    	  0, help }
    
    #define sample_member_def(name, member, ptype, help) \
    	{ #name, ptype, \
    	  offsetof(struct pyrf_event, sample) + offsetof(struct perf_sample, member), \
    	  0, help }
    
    struct pyrf_event {
    	PyObject_HEAD
    	struct perf_sample sample;
    	union perf_event   event;
    };
    
    #define sample_members \
    
    	sample_member_def(sample_ip, ip, T_ULONGLONG, "event type"),			 \
    
    	sample_member_def(sample_pid, pid, T_INT, "event pid"),			 \
    	sample_member_def(sample_tid, tid, T_INT, "event tid"),			 \
    
    	sample_member_def(sample_time, time, T_ULONGLONG, "event timestamp"),		 \
    	sample_member_def(sample_addr, addr, T_ULONGLONG, "event addr"),		 \
    	sample_member_def(sample_id, id, T_ULONGLONG, "event id"),			 \
    	sample_member_def(sample_stream_id, stream_id, T_ULONGLONG, "event stream id"), \
    	sample_member_def(sample_period, period, T_ULONGLONG, "event period"),		 \
    
    	sample_member_def(sample_cpu, cpu, T_UINT, "event cpu"),
    
    static char pyrf_mmap_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf mmap event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_mmap_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(perf_event_header, type, T_UINT, "event type"),
    	member_def(mmap_event, pid, T_UINT, "event pid"),
    	member_def(mmap_event, tid, T_UINT, "event tid"),
    
    	member_def(mmap_event, start, T_ULONGLONG, "start of the map"),
    	member_def(mmap_event, len, T_ULONGLONG, "map length"),
    	member_def(mmap_event, pgoff, T_ULONGLONG, "page offset"),
    
    	member_def(mmap_event, filename, T_STRING_INPLACE, "backing store"),
    
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_mmap_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	PyObject *ret;
    	char *s;
    
    	if (asprintf(&s, "{ type: mmap, pid: %u, tid: %u, start: %#" PRIx64 ", "
    			 "length: %#" PRIx64 ", offset: %#" PRIx64 ", "
    			 "filename: %s }",
    		     pevent->event.mmap.pid, pevent->event.mmap.tid,
    		     pevent->event.mmap.start, pevent->event.mmap.len,
    		     pevent->event.mmap.pgoff, pevent->event.mmap.filename) < 0) {
    		ret = PyErr_NoMemory();
    	} else {
    		ret = PyString_FromString(s);
    		free(s);
    	}
    	return ret;
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_mmap_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.mmap_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_mmap_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_mmap_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_mmap_event__repr,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_task_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf task (fork/exit) event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_task_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(perf_event_header, type, T_UINT, "event type"),
    	member_def(fork_event, pid, T_UINT, "event pid"),
    	member_def(fork_event, ppid, T_UINT, "event ppid"),
    	member_def(fork_event, tid, T_UINT, "event tid"),
    	member_def(fork_event, ptid, T_UINT, "event ptid"),
    
    	member_def(fork_event, time, T_ULONGLONG, "timestamp"),
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_task_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	return PyString_FromFormat("{ type: %s, pid: %u, ppid: %u, tid: %u, "
    				   "ptid: %u, time: %" PRIu64 "}",
    				   pevent->event.header.type == PERF_RECORD_FORK ? "fork" : "exit",
    				   pevent->event.fork.pid,
    				   pevent->event.fork.ppid,
    				   pevent->event.fork.tid,
    				   pevent->event.fork.ptid,
    				   pevent->event.fork.time);
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_task_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.task_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_task_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_task_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_task_event__repr,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_comm_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf comm event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_comm_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(perf_event_header, type, T_UINT, "event type"),
    	member_def(comm_event, pid, T_UINT, "event pid"),
    	member_def(comm_event, tid, T_UINT, "event tid"),
    	member_def(comm_event, comm, T_STRING_INPLACE, "process name"),
    
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_comm_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	return PyString_FromFormat("{ type: comm, pid: %u, tid: %u, comm: %s }",
    				   pevent->event.comm.pid,
    				   pevent->event.comm.tid,
    				   pevent->event.comm.comm);
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_comm_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.comm_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_comm_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_comm_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_comm_event__repr,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_throttle_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf throttle event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_throttle_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(perf_event_header, type, T_UINT, "event type"),
    
    	member_def(throttle_event, time, T_ULONGLONG, "timestamp"),
    	member_def(throttle_event, id, T_ULONGLONG, "event id"),
    	member_def(throttle_event, stream_id, T_ULONGLONG, "event stream id"),
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_throttle_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	struct throttle_event *te = (struct throttle_event *)(&pevent->event.header + 1);
    
    	return PyString_FromFormat("{ type: %sthrottle, time: %" PRIu64 ", id: %" PRIu64
    				   ", stream_id: %" PRIu64 " }",
    				   pevent->event.header.type == PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE ? "" : "un",
    				   te->time, te->id, te->stream_id);
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_throttle_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.throttle_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_throttle_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_throttle_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_throttle_event__repr,
    };
    
    
    static char pyrf_lost_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf lost event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_lost_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(lost_event, id, T_ULONGLONG, "event id"),
    	member_def(lost_event, lost, T_ULONGLONG, "number of lost events"),
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_lost_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	PyObject *ret;
    	char *s;
    
    	if (asprintf(&s, "{ type: lost, id: %#" PRIx64 ", "
    			 "lost: %#" PRIx64 " }",
    		     pevent->event.lost.id, pevent->event.lost.lost) < 0) {
    		ret = PyErr_NoMemory();
    	} else {
    		ret = PyString_FromString(s);
    		free(s);
    	}
    	return ret;
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_lost_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.lost_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_lost_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_lost_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_lost_event__repr,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_read_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf read event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_read_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(read_event, pid, T_UINT, "event pid"),
    	member_def(read_event, tid, T_UINT, "event tid"),
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_read_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	return PyString_FromFormat("{ type: read, pid: %u, tid: %u }",
    				   pevent->event.read.pid,
    				   pevent->event.read.tid);
    	/*
     	 * FIXME: return the array of read values,
     	 * making this method useful ;-)
     	 */
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_read_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.read_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_read_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_read_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_read_event__repr,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_sample_event__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf sample event object.");
    
    static PyMemberDef pyrf_sample_event__members[] = {
    	sample_members
    	member_def(perf_event_header, type, T_UINT, "event type"),
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_sample_event__repr(struct pyrf_event *pevent)
    {
    	PyObject *ret;
    	char *s;
    
    	if (asprintf(&s, "{ type: sample }") < 0) {
    		ret = PyErr_NoMemory();
    	} else {
    		ret = PyString_FromString(s);
    		free(s);
    	}
    	return ret;
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_sample_event__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.sample_event",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_event),
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_sample_event__doc,
    	.tp_members	= pyrf_sample_event__members,
    	.tp_repr	= (reprfunc)pyrf_sample_event__repr,
    };
    
    
    static int pyrf_event__setup_types(void)
    {
    	int err;
    	pyrf_mmap_event__type.tp_new =
    	pyrf_task_event__type.tp_new =
    	pyrf_comm_event__type.tp_new =
    
    	pyrf_lost_event__type.tp_new =
    	pyrf_read_event__type.tp_new =
    	pyrf_sample_event__type.tp_new =
    
    	pyrf_throttle_event__type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_mmap_event__type);
    
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_lost_event__type);
    
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_task_event__type);
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_comm_event__type);
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_throttle_event__type);
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_read_event__type);
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    	err = PyType_Ready(&pyrf_sample_event__type);
    	if (err < 0)
    		goto out;
    
    out:
    	return err;
    }
    
    static PyTypeObject *pyrf_event__type[] = {
    	[PERF_RECORD_MMAP]	 = &pyrf_mmap_event__type,
    
    	[PERF_RECORD_LOST]	 = &pyrf_lost_event__type,
    
    	[PERF_RECORD_COMM]	 = &pyrf_comm_event__type,
    	[PERF_RECORD_EXIT]	 = &pyrf_task_event__type,
    	[PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE]	 = &pyrf_throttle_event__type,
    	[PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE] = &pyrf_throttle_event__type,
    	[PERF_RECORD_FORK]	 = &pyrf_task_event__type,
    
    	[PERF_RECORD_READ]	 = &pyrf_read_event__type,
    	[PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE]	 = &pyrf_sample_event__type,
    
    };
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_event__new(union perf_event *event)
    {
    	struct pyrf_event *pevent;
    	PyTypeObject *ptype;
    
    	if (event->header.type < PERF_RECORD_MMAP ||
    	    event->header.type > PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE)
    		return NULL;
    
    	ptype = pyrf_event__type[event->header.type];
    	pevent = PyObject_New(struct pyrf_event, ptype);
    	if (pevent != NULL)
    		memcpy(&pevent->event, event, event->header.size);
    	return (PyObject *)pevent;
    }
    
    struct pyrf_cpu_map {
    	PyObject_HEAD
    
    	struct cpu_map *cpus;
    };
    
    static int pyrf_cpu_map__init(struct pyrf_cpu_map *pcpus,
    			      PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "cpustr", NULL };
    
    	char *cpustr = NULL;
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|s",
    					 kwlist, &cpustr))
    		return -1;
    
    	pcpus->cpus = cpu_map__new(cpustr);
    	if (pcpus->cpus == NULL)
    		return -1;
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void pyrf_cpu_map__delete(struct pyrf_cpu_map *pcpus)
    {
    	cpu_map__delete(pcpus->cpus);
    	pcpus->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)pcpus);
    }
    
    static Py_ssize_t pyrf_cpu_map__length(PyObject *obj)
    {
    	struct pyrf_cpu_map *pcpus = (void *)obj;
    
    	return pcpus->cpus->nr;
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_cpu_map__item(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t i)
    {
    	struct pyrf_cpu_map *pcpus = (void *)obj;
    
    	if (i >= pcpus->cpus->nr)
    		return NULL;
    
    	return Py_BuildValue("i", pcpus->cpus->map[i]);
    }
    
    static PySequenceMethods pyrf_cpu_map__sequence_methods = {
    	.sq_length = pyrf_cpu_map__length,
    	.sq_item   = pyrf_cpu_map__item,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_cpu_map__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("cpu map object.");
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_cpu_map__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.cpu_map",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_cpu_map),
    	.tp_dealloc	= (destructor)pyrf_cpu_map__delete,
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_cpu_map__doc,
    	.tp_as_sequence	= &pyrf_cpu_map__sequence_methods,
    	.tp_init	= (initproc)pyrf_cpu_map__init,
    };
    
    static int pyrf_cpu_map__setup_types(void)
    {
    	pyrf_cpu_map__type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
    	return PyType_Ready(&pyrf_cpu_map__type);
    }
    
    struct pyrf_thread_map {
    	PyObject_HEAD
    
    	struct thread_map *threads;
    };
    
    static int pyrf_thread_map__init(struct pyrf_thread_map *pthreads,
    				 PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "pid", "tid", NULL };
    
    	int pid = -1, tid = -1;
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|ii",
    					 kwlist, &pid, &tid))
    		return -1;
    
    	pthreads->threads = thread_map__new(pid, tid);
    	if (pthreads->threads == NULL)
    		return -1;
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void pyrf_thread_map__delete(struct pyrf_thread_map *pthreads)
    {
    	thread_map__delete(pthreads->threads);
    	pthreads->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)pthreads);
    }
    
    static Py_ssize_t pyrf_thread_map__length(PyObject *obj)
    {
    	struct pyrf_thread_map *pthreads = (void *)obj;
    
    	return pthreads->threads->nr;
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_thread_map__item(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t i)
    {
    	struct pyrf_thread_map *pthreads = (void *)obj;
    
    	if (i >= pthreads->threads->nr)
    		return NULL;
    
    	return Py_BuildValue("i", pthreads->threads->map[i]);
    }
    
    static PySequenceMethods pyrf_thread_map__sequence_methods = {
    	.sq_length = pyrf_thread_map__length,
    	.sq_item   = pyrf_thread_map__item,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_thread_map__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("thread map object.");
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_thread_map__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.thread_map",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_thread_map),
    	.tp_dealloc	= (destructor)pyrf_thread_map__delete,
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_thread_map__doc,
    	.tp_as_sequence	= &pyrf_thread_map__sequence_methods,
    	.tp_init	= (initproc)pyrf_thread_map__init,
    };
    
    static int pyrf_thread_map__setup_types(void)
    {
    	pyrf_thread_map__type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
    	return PyType_Ready(&pyrf_thread_map__type);
    }
    
    struct pyrf_evsel {
    	PyObject_HEAD
    
    	struct perf_evsel evsel;
    };
    
    static int pyrf_evsel__init(struct pyrf_evsel *pevsel,
    			    PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
    		.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
    		.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
    		.sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD | PERF_SAMPLE_TID,
    	};
    	static char *kwlist[] = {
    		"type",
    		"config",
    		"sample_freq",
    		"sample_period",
    		"sample_type",
    		"read_format",
    		"disabled",
    		"inherit",
    		"pinned",
    		"exclusive",
    		"exclude_user",
    		"exclude_kernel",
    		"exclude_hv",
    		"exclude_idle",
    		"mmap",
    		"comm",
    		"freq",
    		"inherit_stat",
    		"enable_on_exec",
    		"task",
    		"watermark",
    		"precise_ip",
    		"mmap_data",
    		"sample_id_all",
    		"wakeup_events",
    		"bp_type",
    		"bp_addr",
    
    	u64 sample_period = 0;
    	u32 disabled = 0,
    	    inherit = 0,
    	    pinned = 0,
    	    exclusive = 0,
    	    exclude_user = 0,
    	    exclude_kernel = 0,
    	    exclude_hv = 0,
    	    exclude_idle = 0,
    	    mmap = 0,
    	    comm = 0,
    	    freq = 1,
    	    inherit_stat = 0,
    	    enable_on_exec = 0,
    	    task = 0,
    	    watermark = 0,
    	    precise_ip = 0,
    	    mmap_data = 0,
    	    sample_id_all = 1;
    	int idx = 0;
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs,
    					 "|iKiKKiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiKK", kwlist,
    					 &attr.type, &attr.config, &attr.sample_freq,
    					 &sample_period, &attr.sample_type,
    					 &attr.read_format, &disabled, &inherit,
    					 &pinned, &exclusive, &exclude_user,
    					 &exclude_kernel, &exclude_hv, &exclude_idle,
    					 &mmap, &comm, &freq, &inherit_stat,
    					 &enable_on_exec, &task, &watermark,
    					 &precise_ip, &mmap_data, &sample_id_all,
    					 &attr.wakeup_events, &attr.bp_type,
    					 &attr.bp_addr, &attr.bp_len, &idx))
    		return -1;
    
    	/* union... */
    	if (sample_period != 0) {
    		if (attr.sample_freq != 0)
    			return -1; /* FIXME: throw right exception */
    		attr.sample_period = sample_period;
    	}
    
    	/* Bitfields */
    	attr.disabled	    = disabled;
    	attr.inherit	    = inherit;
    	attr.pinned	    = pinned;
    	attr.exclusive	    = exclusive;
    	attr.exclude_user   = exclude_user;
    	attr.exclude_kernel = exclude_kernel;
    	attr.exclude_hv	    = exclude_hv;
    	attr.exclude_idle   = exclude_idle;
    	attr.mmap	    = mmap;
    	attr.comm	    = comm;
    	attr.freq	    = freq;
    	attr.inherit_stat   = inherit_stat;
    	attr.enable_on_exec = enable_on_exec;
    	attr.task	    = task;
    	attr.watermark	    = watermark;
    	attr.precise_ip	    = precise_ip;
    	attr.mmap_data	    = mmap_data;
    	attr.sample_id_all  = sample_id_all;
    
    	perf_evsel__init(&pevsel->evsel, &attr, idx);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void pyrf_evsel__delete(struct pyrf_evsel *pevsel)
    {
    	perf_evsel__exit(&pevsel->evsel);
    	pevsel->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)pevsel);
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evsel__open(struct pyrf_evsel *pevsel,
    				  PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    	struct perf_evsel *evsel = &pevsel->evsel;
    	struct cpu_map *cpus = NULL;
    	struct thread_map *threads = NULL;
    	PyObject *pcpus = NULL, *pthreads = NULL;
    
    	int group = 0, inherit = 0;
    
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "cpus", "threads", "group", "inherit", NULL };
    
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|OOii", kwlist,
    
    					 &pcpus, &pthreads, &group, &inherit))
    
    		return NULL;
    
    	if (pthreads != NULL)
    		threads = ((struct pyrf_thread_map *)pthreads)->threads;
    
    	if (pcpus != NULL)
    		cpus = ((struct pyrf_cpu_map *)pcpus)->cpus;
    
    
    	evsel->attr.inherit = inherit;
    
    	/*
    	 * This will group just the fds for this single evsel, to group
    	 * multiple events, use evlist.open().
    	 */
    	if (perf_evsel__open(evsel, cpus, threads, group, NULL) < 0) {
    
    		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    		return NULL;
    	}
    
    	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    	return Py_None;
    }
    
    static PyMethodDef pyrf_evsel__methods[] = {
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "open",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evsel__open,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("open the event selector file descriptor table.")
    	},
    
    	{ .ml_name = NULL, }
    
    };
    
    static char pyrf_evsel__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf event selector list object.");
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_evsel__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.evsel",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_evsel),
    	.tp_dealloc	= (destructor)pyrf_evsel__delete,
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_evsel__doc,
    	.tp_methods	= pyrf_evsel__methods,
    	.tp_init	= (initproc)pyrf_evsel__init,
    };
    
    static int pyrf_evsel__setup_types(void)
    {
    	pyrf_evsel__type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
    	return PyType_Ready(&pyrf_evsel__type);
    }
    
    struct pyrf_evlist {
    	PyObject_HEAD
    
    	struct perf_evlist evlist;
    };
    
    static int pyrf_evlist__init(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    
    			     PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs __used)
    
    	PyObject *pcpus = NULL, *pthreads = NULL;
    	struct cpu_map *cpus;
    	struct thread_map *threads;
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &pcpus, &pthreads))
    		return -1;
    
    	threads = ((struct pyrf_thread_map *)pthreads)->threads;
    	cpus = ((struct pyrf_cpu_map *)pcpus)->cpus;
    	perf_evlist__init(&pevlist->evlist, cpus, threads);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void pyrf_evlist__delete(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist)
    {
    	perf_evlist__exit(&pevlist->evlist);
    	pevlist->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)pevlist);
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__mmap(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    				   PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    	struct perf_evlist *evlist = &pevlist->evlist;
    
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "pages", "overwrite", NULL };
    
    	int pages = 128, overwrite = false;
    
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|ii", kwlist,
    					 &pages, &overwrite))
    
    	if (perf_evlist__mmap(evlist, pages, overwrite) < 0) {
    
    		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    		return NULL;
    	}
    
    	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    	return Py_None;
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__poll(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    				   PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    	struct perf_evlist *evlist = &pevlist->evlist;
    
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "timeout", NULL };
    
    	int timeout = -1, n;
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|i", kwlist, &timeout))
    		return NULL;
    
    	n = poll(evlist->pollfd, evlist->nr_fds, timeout);
    	if (n < 0) {
    		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    		return NULL;
    	}
    
    	return Py_BuildValue("i", n);
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__get_pollfd(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    
    					 PyObject *args __used, PyObject *kwargs __used)
    
    {
    	struct perf_evlist *evlist = &pevlist->evlist;
            PyObject *list = PyList_New(0);
    	int i;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < evlist->nr_fds; ++i) {
    		PyObject *file;
    		FILE *fp = fdopen(evlist->pollfd[i].fd, "r");
    
    		if (fp == NULL)
    			goto free_list;
    
    		file = PyFile_FromFile(fp, "perf", "r", NULL);
    		if (file == NULL)
    			goto free_list;
    
    		if (PyList_Append(list, file) != 0) {
    			Py_DECREF(file);
    			goto free_list;
    		}
    			
    		Py_DECREF(file);
    	}
    
    	return list;
    free_list:
    	return PyErr_NoMemory();
    }
    
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__add(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    
    				  PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs __used)
    
    {
    	struct perf_evlist *evlist = &pevlist->evlist;
    	PyObject *pevsel;
    	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &pevsel))
    		return NULL;
    
    	Py_INCREF(pevsel);
    	evsel = &((struct pyrf_evsel *)pevsel)->evsel;
    	evsel->idx = evlist->nr_entries;
    	perf_evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
    
    	return Py_BuildValue("i", evlist->nr_entries);
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__read_on_cpu(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    					  PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    	struct perf_evlist *evlist = &pevlist->evlist;
    	union perf_event *event;
    	int sample_id_all = 1, cpu;
    
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "cpu", "sample_id_all", NULL };
    
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "i|i", kwlist,
    					 &cpu, &sample_id_all))
    		return NULL;
    
    
    	event = perf_evlist__mmap_read(evlist, cpu);
    
    	if (event != NULL) {
    		struct perf_evsel *first;
    		PyObject *pyevent = pyrf_event__new(event);
    		struct pyrf_event *pevent = (struct pyrf_event *)pyevent;
    
    		if (pyevent == NULL)
    			return PyErr_NoMemory();
    
    		first = list_entry(evlist->entries.next, struct perf_evsel, node);
    
    		err = perf_event__parse_sample(event, first->attr.sample_type,
    
    					       sample_id_all, &pevent->sample, false);
    
    		if (err)
    			return PyErr_Format(PyExc_OSError,
    					    "perf: can't parse sample, err=%d", err);
    
    	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    	return Py_None;
    }
    
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__open(struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist,
    				   PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
    {
    	struct perf_evlist *evlist = &pevlist->evlist;
    	int group = 0;
    	static char *kwlist[] = { "group", NULL };
    
    	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|OOii", kwlist, &group))
    		return NULL;
    
    	if (perf_evlist__open(evlist, group) < 0) {
    		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    		return NULL;
    	}
    
    	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    	return Py_None;
    }
    
    
    static PyMethodDef pyrf_evlist__methods[] = {
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "mmap",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evlist__mmap,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("mmap the file descriptor table.")
    	},
    
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "open",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evlist__open,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("open the file descriptors.")
    	},
    
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "poll",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evlist__poll,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("poll the file descriptor table.")
    	},
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "get_pollfd",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evlist__get_pollfd,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("get the poll file descriptor table.")
    	},
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "add",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evlist__add,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("adds an event selector to the list.")
    	},
    	{
    		.ml_name  = "read_on_cpu",
    		.ml_meth  = (PyCFunction)pyrf_evlist__read_on_cpu,
    		.ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
    		.ml_doc	  = PyDoc_STR("reads an event.")
    	},
    
    	{ .ml_name = NULL, }
    
    };
    
    static Py_ssize_t pyrf_evlist__length(PyObject *obj)
    {
    	struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist = (void *)obj;
    
    	return pevlist->evlist.nr_entries;
    }
    
    static PyObject *pyrf_evlist__item(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t i)
    {
    	struct pyrf_evlist *pevlist = (void *)obj;
    	struct perf_evsel *pos;
    
    	if (i >= pevlist->evlist.nr_entries)
    		return NULL;
    
    	list_for_each_entry(pos, &pevlist->evlist.entries, node)
    		if (i-- == 0)
    			break;
    
    	return Py_BuildValue("O", container_of(pos, struct pyrf_evsel, evsel));
    }
    
    static PySequenceMethods pyrf_evlist__sequence_methods = {
    	.sq_length = pyrf_evlist__length,
    	.sq_item   = pyrf_evlist__item,
    };
    
    static char pyrf_evlist__doc[] = PyDoc_STR("perf event selector list object.");
    
    static PyTypeObject pyrf_evlist__type = {
    	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
    	.tp_name	= "perf.evlist",
    	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(struct pyrf_evlist),
    	.tp_dealloc	= (destructor)pyrf_evlist__delete,
    	.tp_flags	= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
    	.tp_as_sequence	= &pyrf_evlist__sequence_methods,
    	.tp_doc		= pyrf_evlist__doc,
    	.tp_methods	= pyrf_evlist__methods,
    	.tp_init	= (initproc)pyrf_evlist__init,
    };
    
    static int pyrf_evlist__setup_types(void)
    {
    	pyrf_evlist__type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
    	return PyType_Ready(&pyrf_evlist__type);
    }
    
    static struct {
    	const char *name;
    	int	    value;
    } perf__constants[] = {
    	{ "TYPE_HARDWARE",   PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE },
    	{ "TYPE_SOFTWARE",   PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE },
    	{ "TYPE_TRACEPOINT", PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT },
    	{ "TYPE_HW_CACHE",   PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE },
    	{ "TYPE_RAW",	     PERF_TYPE_RAW },
    	{ "TYPE_BREAKPOINT", PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT },
    
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS", PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D",		  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I",		  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL",	  	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU",		  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS", PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS",   PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS },
    
    
    	{ "COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND },
    	{ "COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND",	  PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND },
    
    
    	{ "COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK",	       PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK",       PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS",      PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES", PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS",   PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN",  PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ",  PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS", PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS },
    	{ "COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS", PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS },
    
    	{ "SAMPLE_IP",	      PERF_SAMPLE_IP },
    	{ "SAMPLE_TID",	      PERF_SAMPLE_TID },
    	{ "SAMPLE_TIME",      PERF_SAMPLE_TIME },
    	{ "SAMPLE_ADDR",      PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR },
    	{ "SAMPLE_READ",      PERF_SAMPLE_READ },
    	{ "SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN", PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN },
    	{ "SAMPLE_ID",	      PERF_SAMPLE_ID },
    	{ "SAMPLE_CPU",	      PERF_SAMPLE_CPU },
    	{ "SAMPLE_PERIOD",    PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD },
    	{ "SAMPLE_STREAM_ID", PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID },
    	{ "SAMPLE_RAW",	      PERF_SAMPLE_RAW },
    
    	{ "FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED", PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED },
    	{ "FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING", PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING },
    	{ "FORMAT_ID",		       PERF_FORMAT_ID },
    	{ "FORMAT_GROUP",	       PERF_FORMAT_GROUP },
    
    	{ "RECORD_MMAP",       PERF_RECORD_MMAP },
    	{ "RECORD_LOST",       PERF_RECORD_LOST },
    	{ "RECORD_COMM",       PERF_RECORD_COMM },
    	{ "RECORD_EXIT",       PERF_RECORD_EXIT },
    	{ "RECORD_THROTTLE",   PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE },
    	{ "RECORD_UNTHROTTLE", PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE },
    	{ "RECORD_FORK",       PERF_RECORD_FORK },
    	{ "RECORD_READ",       PERF_RECORD_READ },
    	{ "RECORD_SAMPLE",     PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE },
    
    	{ .name = NULL, },
    
    };
    
    static PyMethodDef perf__methods[] = {
    
    	{ .ml_name = NULL, }